For the first time, an international team of astronomers using NASA/ESA/CSA’s James Webb Space Telescope observes water and other molecules in a rocky planet-forming region inside a disk in one of the most extreme environments in our galaxy. did. These results suggest that the conditions for rocky planet formation typically found in disks of low-mass star-forming regions may also occur in regions of high-mass star-forming regions and in a broader range of environments. There is. These are the first results from his James Webb Space Telescope Extreme UV Environment (XUE) program, which focuses on characterizing planet-forming disks in large star-forming regions.
Protoplanetary disk:
These regions are thought to be representative of the environments in which most planetary systems formed. For scientists, it is important to understand environmental influences on planet formation to gain insight into the diversity of observed exoplanet populations. The XUE program targets a total of 15 disks in three regions of the Lobster Nebula (also known as NGC 6357), a large emission nebula located approximately 5,500 light-years from Earth in the constellation Scorpius. The Lobster Nebula is one of the youngest and closest massive star-forming complexes and is home to some of the most massive stars in the Milky Way.
Massive stars are hotter and therefore emit more ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This disperses the gas, so the expected lifespan of the disk is only 1 million years. Thanks to Webb, astronomers can now study the effects of ultraviolet radiation on rocky planet-forming regions inside protoplanetary disks around stars like the Sun. “Webb is the only telescope with the spatial resolution and sensitivity to study planet-forming disks in massive star-forming regions,” said Maria Claudia Ramírez Tanus, team leader at Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Astronomy. ”
Astronomers hope to use Webb’s Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) aboard the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) to characterize the physical properties and chemical composition of the rocky planet-forming disk regions of the Lobster Nebula. That’s what I think. These first results focus on a protoplanetary disk called XUE 1 located in the star cluster Pimis 24. “Only MIRI’s wavelength range and spectral resolution will allow us to study the molecular inventory and physical state of the warm gas and dust in which rocky planets form,” said Arjan Bik, a member of the research team at Stockholm University in Sweden. .
Due to its location near several massive stars in NGC6357, scientists believe that XUE 1 was constantly exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation throughout its life. But even in this extreme environment, the researchers discovered numerous molecules that are the building blocks of rocky planets.
“We found that the inner disk around XUE 1 is very similar to disks in nearby star-forming regions,” said team member Lens Waters of Radboud University in the Netherlands. “In addition to water, we have molecules such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and acetylene. However, the detected emissions were weaker than some models predicted.
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It could mean that the outer radius of the disc is smaller.” “We are surprised and excited because this is the first time that these molecules have been detected under such extreme conditions,” added Lars Kuypers from Radboud University. The researchers also found small, partially crystalline silicate dust on the disk’s surface. These are considered to be the building blocks of rocky planets.
The scientific team found that conditions in the inner disk were similar to those seen in disks in well-studied nearby star-forming regions, where only low-mass stars form, so these results suggest that rocks This is good news for planet formation. This suggests that rocky planets can form in a much wider range of environments than previously thought. The research team notes that remaining observations from the XUE program are important for establishing the commonality of these diseases. “XUE1 shows that the conditions for the formation of rocky planets exist, so the next step is to see how common this is,” says Ramírez Tanús. “We plan to observe other discs in the same region to determine how often these situations are observed.”
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